Chinese Mandarin
Mandarin is the Official SPOKEN Chinese language used by the majority of people in Mainland China, covering over 75% of the Chinese speaking population worldwide.
Cantonese
Cantonese is a SPOKEN Chinese “dialect mainly used by people in Guangdong province, Hong Kong, Macao and many overseas Chinese communities.
Taiwan Mandarin (For simplicity, let’s just call it Taiwanese)
Mandarin dialect in Taiwan, or you can think it is Chinese Mandarin with Taiwan accent.